This glossary was written and prepared by Blair Bergum of  DNSnews.net
For additions or corrections to this glossary, please send email to glossary at dnsnews dot net

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T-1

network communication line that provides burstable bandwidth speeds of 128 Kbps to full bandwidth speeds of 1.544 Mbps. A T-1 is 24 times the DS0 multiple of a single voice channel of 64 Kbps. Also known as DS-1.

T-2

network communication line that provides burstable bandwidth speeds of 128 Kbps to full bandwidth speeds of 6.312 Mbps. A T-2 is 96 times the DS0 multiple of 64 Kbps. A T-2 is typically used for internal use inside of a multiplexer with a low speed card containing four T-1's or DS-1's. A T-2 is also known as DS-2.

T-3

network communication line that provides functional bandwidth speeds of 3-44.736 Mbps (burstable speeds from 0-6 Mbps, and full bandwidth speeds of 44.736 Mbps. A T-3 is 672 times the DS0 multiple of 64 Kbps. Also known as DS-3.

Tabular Data Control

See TDC.

TAM

Technical Account Manager, one who has experience as a Sales Manager, Project Manager, and a System Administrator.

T&M

Time and Materials, a method of pricing as contrasted to monthly recurring retainers, or component pricing

TB

Terabyte, used as a measure for monthly transfer of bandwidth for dedicated and colocated servers. A terabyte is one trillion bytes or 1000 GB of data transfer.

Tbps

Terabits per second, is a unit of measure for bandwidth. A Tbps is one trillion bits per second or 1000 Gb of data transfer. Currently, the peak bandwidth available today is maxes out at about 50 Gbps. So, Tbps is not currently being used. However, Terabytes (TB) is used to measure monthly transfer of bandwidth. Note the capital B for Bytes versus lower case b for bits.

T-Carrier system

Is the system that allows digital voice transmission. It was introduced by Bell Labs in the 1960’s. The first T-Carrier system was the T-1 line. The T-Carrier system is entirely digitally based. It uses four wires and provides duplex capability where two wires are for transmitting and two wires are for receiving. A T-1 line is comprised of 24 64 Kbps channels that are multiplexed (24 times a DS0 channel). See also T-1, DS1, DS0 and Digital Signal X.

TCPA

Trademark Cyberpiracy Prevention Act, established in 1999 causes action against domain name registrants that registered domain names in “bad faith” where the domain name is similar or dilutive of a mark that is protected under trademark law.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol provides connection oriented communications between hosts. Developed in the early 1980’s it became the standard host networking protocol, especially for ARPAnet.

TDC

Tabular Data Control, allows one to data bind HTML elements in a database field.

TEAC

TLD Evaluation Advisory Committee, is a proposed committee recommended by ICANN’s A Plan for Action regarding new TLD’s under ICANN’s directive.

Ted Nelson

presented a paper to the Association of Computer Machinery in 1965 and was the first person to use the word hypertext which he defined to link images, video, and maps to resources on a computer. In an article published by Literary Machines, Nelson goes onto explain "By 'hypertext' mean nonsequential writing - text that branches and allows choice to the reader, best read at an interactive screen."

Telnet

short for Telecommunications Network

1) is a TCP/IP virtual terminal protocol (terminal emulation) that allows a user to connect remotely to another TCP/IP host.

2) It is a method or service for securely accessing a computer remotely,by starting a terminal session.

3) Is an application of remote connectivity.

terabit

one trillion bits, 10 to the power of 12. See also Tbps.

terabyte

one trillion bytes. See also TB.

text label

is the label associated or better known as a domain name. It is limited to 63 characters in length not including the period. (not to exceed 67 characters including the period and TLD extension).

Third Level Domain

are subdomains that follow the form of a domain name where the third level domain name proceeds the second level domain name and is separated by a period. An example is the “events” portion of events.eventsupdate.com.

three tier model

three separate servers are used, a web server, an application server, and a database server. Note: the application server in this model may contain only one application or any number of applications on this server. There may also be more than one application server. See also one tier model, and two tier model.

Tim Berners-Lee

created a design for a large distributed database of information that utilized computers across a network. Tim Berners-Lee used hypertext from Ted Nelson to query the database and create relationships between data with hyperlinks. He called his concept the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee created HTML for the internal use at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in 1989 and HTML was then introduced to the public and evolved into the WWW because it worked so well.

Time to Live

see TTL.

TLD

Top Level Domain, is the end portion of a domain name. A SLD name utilizes a TLD extension, such as .com, .net, or .org. The TLD is only that part of the domain name that is to the far right of the right-most period.

TLT

Trademark Law Treaty, was created in 1994 in Geneva. The TLT promotes international intellectual property protection.

Top Level Domain

see TLD.

topological proximity

an abstract measurement that is based upon a number of factors, including: distance, server availability, server load, hop count, latency, packet loss, and data transfer costs.

topoplogy

is the graphical representation of a network as depicted in a flowchart.

TOS

Terms of Service, outline the contractual agreement and obligations of the user or client requesting services from a service provider.

trademark

is the official mark that is used to identify the source of goods or services across state lines as defined in the USA.

trademark dilution

occurs when an owner’s mark to identify or distinguish goods or services has been decreased by the unauthorized use of the protected mark by others.

Trademark Infringement Act

See Lanham Act.

traffic aggregators

clever individuals and organizations who buy popular expired domain names and redirect them to porn and gambling venues.

transcoding

the operation of changing live stream of data to a lower-bandwidth version so clients with slower links or pipes, can handle the streaming content.

transfer domain

see move domain.

transfer registrar

the act of changing or transferring your current Registrar to another Registrar who will maintain your domain name registration and name server records.

transit

1) the third level of a network layer in hierarchical routing, in the Internet. See stub level.

2) a fundamental service where a fee is paid for a connection to the Internet. The connection is then referred to as access.

translates

a process of converting a domain name to an IP address. See also Resolvers and Resolution.

Treaty of European Union

established in 1993, provides the free flow of people, goods, and services among member countries.

TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, was created by the Uruguay Round in 1995 and provides key protection upon all facets of intellectual property.

TRO

Temporary Restraining Order, a legal term meaning to restrain from doing some action.

TRS

Technology Risk Services, was created by PriceWaterHouseCoopers

TSIG

Transaction Signatures, from BIND 8.2 where secure DNS messages are used for DNS responses and updates. TSIG provides authentication and data integrity utilizing a function known as cryptographic checksum or message digest.

TTL

Time to Live, is the amount of time a name server is allowed to keep its’ cached data for the requests by clients.

two tier model

websites that have a separate server for web application or storage and a separate server for a database server. Note: the applications server can have two separate applications that share the same physical server, and then a separate server for the database. See also one tier model, and three tier model.

TXT

text file.

Type

is a subset of the Resource Records that contains the following information:

TYPES:

SOA record

NS record

A record

PTR record

CNAME record

And other records containing information on hosts in the zone. For more information see Resource Records.